FDG PET will likely assume increasing importance in assessing FUO, spinal osteomyelitis, vasculitis, and sarcoidosis and may even become the radionuclide imaging procedure of choice in the evaluation of some or all of these pathologic conditions.Describe at least one mechanism of cellular uptake of FDG.Identify at least two potential indications for imaging of infection or inflammation for which FDG PET will likely be useful.Discuss the use of FDG PET in the evaluation of sarcoidosis and vasculitis.Nuclear medicine has an important role in assessing infection and inflammation. 60, No. 9IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 416 July 2016 | Clinical and Translational Imaging, Vol. What is a PET scan? There are numerous causes of FUO, with infection accounting for about 20%–30% of cases and neoplasms for about 15%–25%. 47, No. The radiotracer fluorine 18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is readily available and allows fast, sensitive hig… Hepatic and splenic uptake are generally low grade and diffuse (To minimize FDG uptake in normal tissues, patients are advised to fast for at least several hours prior to examination to reduce competition for glucose transporters. 424 June 2015 | FEMS Microbiology Reviews, Vol. Although technetium 99m (In this article, we discuss and illustrate the role and limitations of FDG positron emission tomography (PET) in the assessment of infection and inflammation, including entities such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), fever of undetermined origin (FUO), focal infection, musculoskeletal infections, sarcoidosis, and vasculitis.FDG is transported into cells by glucose transporters and is phosphorylated by hexokinase enzyme to The areas of normal distribution of FDG include the brain, myocardium, and genitourinary tract. 1International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol. 8Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, Vol. Please be aware that we do not give advice on your individual medical condition, if you want advice please see your treating physician. PET scans are often combined with CT scans to produce even more detailed images. 336Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, Vol. The diagnosis of vasculitis is complicated by a lack of specific signs and symptoms. 8Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle, Vol. The scan does require the patient to lie still for a period of time up to two hours, so if you feel you may have a problem with this, please talk to your doctor. 22, No. 3_supplementAmerican Journal of Roentgenology, Vol. Imaging is often used to confirm a suspected diagnosis in the absence of histologic proof, as well as to identify sites for biopsy (Although few data are available on the role of combined PET-CT in the assessment of infection and inflammation, this modality will undoubtedly prove to be useful. A recent pilot study suggests that, in spite of the normal myocardial FDG uptake, FDG PET accurately helps identify sites of infective endocarditis and is a promising supplement to conventional echocardiography (Only about one-half of all FUOs are caused by infection or tumor. In patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, FDG positron emission tomography (PET) accurately helps localize foci of infection and is particularly useful for differentiating central nervous system lymphoma from toxoplasmosis. The majority of patients have prolonged symptomatology prior to diagnosis, and laboratory tests are of limited value. This is known as a PET-CT scan. 21, No. 2, No. A PET scan can show how well certain parts of your body are working, rather than simply showing what they look like. 10, No. 630 June 2011 | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. A PET scan is an imaging exam that’s used to diagnose diseases or issues by looking at how the body is functioning. 29 September 2011 | Insights into Imaging, Vol. Although spinal osteomyelitis is usually confined to the vertebral body and intervertebral disk, the posterior elements may be involved in up to 20% of cases.

3_supplementEuropean Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Vol. Women who suspect they may be pregnant or are pregnant need to notify their doctor as this is a radioactive procedure and could have effects on an unborn foetus. Thymic uptake, especially in children, can also be observed. 213 February 2017 | Molecular Imaging and Biology, Vol. 38, No. 2American Journal of Roentgenology, Vol. 4Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, Vol. 4Radiologic Clinics of North America, Vol. 328 June 2011 | Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, Vol. In a study of 65 children, PET had a good sensitivity of 80% (compared with colonoscopy), and a negative PET scan excluded the presence of inflammation in children with recurrent abdominal pain . 2Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular, Vol. 41, No.